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Unit 1 – Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education | CBSE Physical Education Notes
Class XI · Physical Education
Unit 1

Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education

Concept, trends & career in Physical Education
Concept & Aim
Changing Trends
Career & Khelo India
🎯

1. Unit Overview

This unit covers the concept, aim and five objectives of Physical Education, its post-independence development in India, the changing trends in playing surfaces, wearable gears, sports equipment and technology, the wide range of career options it opens up, and the Khelo India & Fit India Programmes.
1
Explain the concept, aim & objectives of Physical Education
2
Trace the development of Physical Education in India post-1947
3
Describe changing trends in surfaces, gear, equipment & technology
4
Identify career options and describe Khelo India & Fit India
🧍

2. Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical Education

Key Idea
“Physical and Physical Activities are the process, Education is their result.” Physical Education is that part of Education which studies health, sports, athletics, tournaments, nutrition, injuries and the body along with its embedded mind, organs and muscles — to make a person all-round.

📖 Definitions

  • Lumpkin: “Physical Education is a process through which an individual obtains optimal physical, mental, social skills and fitness through physical activity.”
  • Oberteuffer: “Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual through movements.”
  • J.B. Nash: “Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with big muscle activities and their related responses.”
Physical → Body & its embedded Mind, Spirit, Organs  |  Education → Knowledge & its embedded Development, Preparation

🎯 Aim

To make the wholesome personality of a person — all-round development.

🧩 Five Objectives

💪 Physically Strong

Fitness — strength, speed, flexibility, endurance — with proper functioning of organs, strong muscles and bones.

🧠 Mental Development

Mental alertness & concentration in sports and theory study; improves thinking, intelligence, analysis & cognitive ability.

🤝 Social Adjustable

Platform of competition & co-operation to learn honesty, socialisation, leadership, discipline and work ethics.

😊 Emotional Balance

Win, defeat, aggression, fear, pleasure, anger, patience — learning to balance oneself through sport.

Fifth Objective — Spiritual Development
Peace, moral values and forgiveness develop with the help of Physical Education.
Remember
Dr. M.L. Kamlesh: “Both Participation and study are vital to Physical Education.”
🇮🇳

3. Development of Physical Education in India — Post-Independence

A series of committees, institutions and events since 1948 built up the structure of Physical Education & Sports in India.
  • 1948 — Tara Chand Committee: Central Govt. Physical Education Committee; recommended a Central Institute of PE & Recreation and improved standards of games/sports.
  • 1950 — Central Advisory Board of Physical Education was set up.
  • 1951 — First Asian Games held at New Delhi; motivated Indian youth toward international-level participation.
  • 1954 — All India Council of Sports formed as a liaison between Govt. and National Sports Federations for financial matters.
  • 1957 — Lakshmibai College of Physical Education established at Gwalior, M.P.
  • 1961 — National Institute of Sports (NIS) set up at Moti Bagh, Patiala, Punjab.
  • 1982 — Asian Games held in India — boosted sports infrastructure & facilities.
  • 1984 — Sports Authority of India (SAI) established.
  • 2010 — XIX Commonwealth Games conducted in New Delhi.
  • 2018 — CBSE launched Physical Education as a compulsory subject from Class IX to XII, mainstreaming Health & Physical Education.
🏟️

4. Changing Trends — Playing Surface

The world moved from natural to artificial surfaces. Athletics tracks progressed Soil → Grass → Cinder → Synthetic. Artificial turf gained prominence in 1966 when Astro Turf was installed in the Astrodome, Texas (USA), and is now recognised by IOC, NOC, IFS & NFS.

🌱 Natural Surfaces

  • Soil
  • Grass
  • Wood

🧵 Artificial Surfaces

  • Synthetic grass & track
  • Mats
  • Asphalt
  • Cinder track
  • Concrete
AspectNatural TurfArtificial Turf
DurabilityLessMore
Cost of MaintenanceMoreLess
DrainageCrucial issueProper drainage
MaintenanceDifficultEasier
Water NeedNeeds moreNeeds less
Rest NeededNeeds restEndures extensive use
Friction & WeatherMore friction; becomes muddy in rainLess friction; not much affected by weather
Global artificial-turf industry projected to reach US$12.6 billion by 2027
👕

5. Changing Trends — Wearable Gears

“Right gear for right sport” improves both protection and performance — cricket in shooting shoes is harder and less fun! Different sports need different footwear (spikes for athletics/cricket, high-ankle for basketball, low-friction for tennis/badminton), and fabrics have evolved from bamboo, cotton and wool to nylon, polyester, tencel and dryfit.

👗 Attire

Foot Wear, Leotard, Cap, T-Shirt, Track Pants, Shorts

🛡️ Protective

Helmet, Knee Guards, Gloves, Mouth Guards, Wrist Guards, Elbow Guards, Shin Guards, Chest Guards, Shoe Guards

⌚ Technology

Smart Watch, Pulse Tracker, Calorie Burn Tracker, Activity Tracker

Revenue of Nike was US$36.39 billion in 2021
⚽

6. Changing Trends — Sports Equipment

Sports equipment covers the tools, materials, apparel and gear used to compete, and has evolved due to technology, innovation, spectators, competition, advancement and protection. Global market size of sports equipment stood at US$331.4 billion in 2021.

🏀 Game Equipments

Balls, Goal Posts, Nets, Wickets, Racquets, Bat, Clubs, Sticks, Mats

🏋️ Training Equipments

Swiss Ball, Weights, Rope, Chin-up Bars, Treadmill, Gym Equipments

🧤 Player Equipments

Footwear, Helmet, Mouth Guard, Shin Pads, Elbow Pads, Shoulder Pads, Gloves

Why it Matters
Changing trends in sports equipment bring performance improvement, safety, fun, positive competition, spectator attraction, beautification, proper decision-making and business growth to sport.
🤖

7. Changing Trends — Technology Advancements

Technology touches every part of modern sport — from telecasting to correct decision-making, from performance improvement to injury prevention, and from watching on TV to Mobile/OTT telecasts.
  • Artificial Intelligence — data-driven analysis & decisions
  • Smart Bails in cricket — instant light-up on dislodgement
  • Snicko / Edge Detector — detects faint edges
  • Hawk-Eye — ball-tracking for umpiring decisions
  • Flying Drones & Camera Movements — dynamic broadcast angles
  • Photo Finish Camera — precise race results
  • Video Assistant Referee (VAR) — review of on-field decisions
  • Athlete’s Clothing & Equipment — performance-engineered materials
  • Player & Game Graphics — enhanced viewer experience
  • GPS Tracker & RFID Chips — movement & performance tracking
  • Fantasy League e-Sports — digital fan engagement
  • Fully Automatic Timing — precision timekeeping
💼

8. Career Options in Physical Education

Many careers are directly related to Physical Education (Teacher, Coach, Official, Sportsperson, Administrator etc.), while almost all other careers (Defence, Doctor, Engineer, Scientist, Pilot) depend on it indirectly for fitness. Sportspersons also get quota & age relaxation in many jobs.

📚 Teaching Sector

  • Primary: Instructor, Teacher
  • Middle: Teacher, Demonstrator
  • Secondary: Lecturer
  • College/University: Professor, Sports Scientist, Researcher

🏃 Training Sector (Coaching)

  • Coach — schools, colleges, university
  • Sports institutions — ground employees
  • Industrial recreation, masseur

🩺 Health/Fitness Sector

  • Fitness Trainer, Sports Medicine
  • Sports Dietician, Nutritionist
  • Sports Psychologist
  • Gym Athletic Trainer, Yoga

🏅 Performance Sector

  • Professional Players
  • Partner/Training Players
  • Talent Identification

📰 Media Sector

  • Sports Journalism, Book Author
  • Sports Videography/Photography
  • Sports Broadcasting

💻 Technology Sector

  • Technology Engineer & Assistant
  • Equipment Designer
  • Movement (Bio-Analyser) Lab

🚩 Officials

  • Referee, Umpire, Judge

🗂️ Management Sector

  • Sports Planning Officer
  • Event Manager
  • Facility Administration — Director, Sports Officer
Emerging Careers
Practice & Training Partner, Athlete Promotion Management Company, International League Competition, and coaching foreign national teams (e.g. Iran’s Women’s Kabaddi team was trained by an Indian coach and won Asian Gold in 2018).
🏅

9. Khelo India Programme & Fit India Programme

Khelo India Programme
A national-level programme launched in 2018 for development of sports through mass participation and promotion of excellence. Telecast on national/international channels like Star Sports. Formerly Khelo India School Games (KISG), now Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG) — categories: Under-17 (school) and Under-21 (college). Scholarship: ₹5 lakh (US$7,000) per year for 8 years to identified players.

🏆 Editions, Medals & Champions

EditionVenue & SportsChampion (Gold Medals)
I — 2018Delhi, 16 sportsHaryana (38) > Maharashtra (36) > Delhi (25)
II — 2019Pune, Maharashtra; 403 total GoldMaharashtra (85) > Haryana (62) > Delhi (48)
III — 2020Guwahati, Assam; 447 Gold, 20 sportsMaharashtra (78) > Haryana (68) > Delhi (39)
IV — 2022Haryana; added Gatka, Kalaripayattu, Thang-Ta, MallakhambHaryana > Maharashtra > Karnataka

❄️ Khelo India Winter Games

Started 2020 at Leh & Gulmarg — 17 sports, 49 Gold Medals. Jammu & Kashmir was overall champion.

🎓 Khelo India University Games

Inaugural edition Feb–Mar 2020, age 18–25, 17 sports, 206 Gold — Panjab University Chandigarh won. 2nd edition (Bangalore, 2022): Jain University, LPU Ludhiana & Panjab University took top 3 spots.

🎯 Vision, Mission, Objectives & Merger

Vision & Objectives

  • Infuse sports culture & sporting excellence
  • Mass participation
  • Promotion of excellence in sports

Mission Highlights

  • Sport for all — gender & age
  • Holistic development, community & gender equality
  • Healthy lifestyle, national pride
Schemes Merged into Khelo India
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan • Urban Infrastructure Scheme • National Sports Talent Search Scheme
Fit India Programme
Launched on 29th August 2019 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister to make fitness an integral part of daily life. Objectives: promote fitness as easy, fun & free; spread awareness through campaigns; encourage indigenous sports; reach every school/college/panchayat; and create a platform to share personal fitness stories.
🧠

10. Mind Map — Unit 1 at a Glance

🗺️ Mind Map — Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education
Unit 1 — Changing Trends & Career in PE
🧍 Concept & Aim5 Objectives —
Phy·Mental·Social
Emotional·Spiritual
🇮🇳 India Development1948 Tara Chand →
2018 CBSE PE Subject
🏟️ Surface & GearNatural vs Artificial
Attire·Protective·Tech
⚽ Equipment & TechGame·Training·Player
AI, Hawk-Eye, VAR
💼 Career OptionsTeaching·Training·Media
Tech·Officials·Mgmt
🏅 Khelo & Fit IndiaKIYG · Winter Games
Fit India 2019
📋

11. Summary — Quick Revision

1

Physical Education develops human personality through activity; aim = all-round development; 5 objectives = Physical, Mental, Social, Emotional, Spiritual.

2

Key definitions: Lumpkin, Oberteuffer and J.B. Nash each frame PE around movement, experience and big-muscle activity.

3

Post-independence milestones: 1948 Tara Chand Committee → 1961 NIS Patiala → 1984 SAI → 2018 CBSE compulsory PE.

4

Playing surfaces shifted Natural → Artificial; artificial turf (since 1966) offers more durability, less maintenance & better drainage.

5

Wearable gears fall into Attire, Protective and Technology categories — right gear improves protection & performance.

6

Sports equipment is grouped as Game, Training and Player equipment; global market was $331.4 billion in 2021.

7

Technology advancements include AI, Hawk-Eye, VAR, Smart Bails, GPS/RFID and Fully Automatic Timing.

8

Careers exist directly (Teacher, Coach, Official) and indirectly (Defence, Doctor, Engineer) across 8 sectors.

9

Khelo India (launched 2018) runs Youth Games, Winter Games & University Games with scholarships of ₹5 lakh/year for 8 years.

10

Fit India Movement launched 29 Aug 2019 to make fitness part of daily life — same day as National Sports Day.

📖

12. Important Terms to Remember

  • Physical Education: An education process aiming to develop human personality through physical activity.
  • Aim: The highest general purpose — here, wholesome/all-round personality development.
  • Objective: Specific, measurable outcome that leads toward the aim (Physical, Mental, Social, Emotional, Spiritual).
  • Artificial Turf: Synthetic playing surface, first installed in the Astrodome, Texas, in 1966.
  • Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG): Renamed version of the Khelo India School Games, for Under-17 and Under-21 categories.
  • Fit India Movement: Nationwide campaign launched 29 Aug 2019 to promote a physically active lifestyle.
Unit 1 — Changing Trends and Career in Physical Education
Book: Physical Education  |  CBSE Class XI · Physical Education
Notes by Aakash Yadav
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